Examination of the training effects producing by the CU model in combat and team sports has found significant gains in various fitness estimates but not in sport-specific performances. In recent decades, many studies have evaluated the effects of both BP training versions in different sports. Both versions differ in their methodological background, duration and content of training blocks, possibilities of providing multi-peak performances, and applicability to various sports.

The first innovative version postulated administration of highly concentrated training means for enhancement of one leading fitness component, whereas the second version proposed the development of many targeted abilities within sequenced block mesocycles containing a minimal number of compatible training modalities. Ultimately, two BP training models were proposed: a concentrated unidirectional training model (CU) and a multi-targeted BP approach to athletes' preparation. The training cycles of highly concentrated specialized workloads were coined 'training blocks' by experts and practitioners correspondingly, the alternative versions were termed 'block periodized (BP) preparation systems' by their presenters. These alternative versions postulated the superiority of training programs with a high concentration of selected workloads compared with traditionally designed plans directed at the concurrent development of many athletic abilities at low/medium workload concentration. Evidence-based analysis of the traditional periodization model led to elaboration of alternative versions of athletic preparation. The present review introduces innovative concepts of training periodization and summarizes a large body of findings characterizing their potential benefits and possible limitations.

Sandboxie review disadvantages 2016